ADFG. 2010. Shrimp Fact Sheet. Alaska Department of Fish and Game. http://http://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/education/wns/shrimp.pdf(accessed November 17, 2010)

Agler, B.A., S.J. Kendall, D.B. Irons, and S.P. Klosiewski. 1999. Declines in marine bird populations in Prince William Sound, Alaska coincident with a climatic regime shift. Waterbirds 22:98-103.

Anderson, E.M., J.R. Lovvorn, D. Esler, W.S. Boyd, D.R. Nysewander, and J.R. Evenson. 2005. The value of herring spawning events to spring conditioning of scoters in the Puget Sound Georgia Basin. Abstract of presentation given at the 2005 Puget Sound Georgia Basin research conference, Seattle, Washington.

Andres, B.A. 1998. Shoreline habitat use of Black Oystercatchers breeding in Prince William Sound, Alaska. Journal of Field Ornithology 69:626-634.

Andres, B.A. and G.A. Falxa. 1995. Black Oystercatcher (Haematopus bachmani). The Birds of North America 155:1- 20.

Armstrong, D.A., P.A. Dinnel, J.M. Orensanz, J.L. Armstrong, G.C. Jensen, H.B. Andersen and P.C. Wardrup. 1993. Washington Shellfish Resources. Four Volume Final Report for Evergreen Legal Services by School of Fisheries, Univ. Wash., Seattle, Washington.

Bainbridge Island. 2010. Unpublished data regarding shoreline development permits. Provided via e-mail from Ryan Ericson, Associate Planner, City of Bainbridge Island to Amanda Azous, Herrera Environmental Consultants. December 2, 2010.

Baker, P. 1995. Review of ecology and fishery of the Olympia oyster, Ostrea lurida, with annotated bibliography. Journal of Shellfish Research 14:501-518.

Barjaktarovic, L., J.E. Elliott, and A.M. Scheuhammer. 2002. Metal and metallothionein concentrations in scoter (Melanitta spp.) from the Pacific Northwest of Canada, 1989-1994. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology 43:486-491.

Battelle. 2003. Bainbridge Island nearshore assessment: Summary of best available science. Prepared for: City of Bainbridge Island. October 2003.

Bavins, M., D. Couchman, and J. Beumer. 2000. Fisheries Guidelines for Fish Habitat Buffer Zones, Department of Primary Industries, Queensland, Fish Habitat Guideline FHG 003.

Beamer, E. 2007. Juvenile Salmon and Nearshore Fish Use in Shoreline and Lagoon Habitat Associated with Ala Spit, 2007. Skagit River System Cooperative. December 2007.

Beamer, E., A. McBride, C. Greene, R. Henderson, G. Hood, K. Wolf, K. Larsen, C. Rice, and K.Fresh. 2005. Delta and Nearshore Restoration for the Recovery of Wild Skagit River Chinook Salmon: Linking Estuary Restoration to Wild Chinook Salmon Populations. Skagit Chinook Recovery Plan. LaConner, Washington, Skagit River System Cooperative: 93.

Beamer, E., K.L. Fresh, R. Henderson, T. Wyllie-Echeverria. 2008. WRIA 2 Shoreline: Preliminary Habitat and Beach Seining Results. 2008.

Beamer, E.M., A. McBride, R. Henderson, and K. Wolf. 2003. The importance of non-natal pocket estuaries in Skagit Bay to wild Chinook salmon: an emerging priority for restoration. Skagit River System Cooperative, La Conner, Washington. www.skagitcoop.org/.

Beauchamp, K.A., and M.M. Gowing. 1982. A quantitative assessment of human trampling effects on a rocky intertidal community. Marine Environmental Research 7:279-293.

Belt, G.H., J. O'Laughlin and T. Merril. 1992. Design of Forest Riparian Buffer Strips for the Protection of Water Quality: Analysis of Scientific Literature. University of Idaho. Idaho Forest Wildlife and Range Experiment Station.

Best, P.N. 2003. Bainbridge Island Nearshore Structure Inventory. Department of Planning and Community Development, City of Bainbridge Island. 2003 Puget Sound Georgia Basin Conference. Vancouver, British Columbia.

Betcher, C., and B. Williams. 1996. Impact of Mooring Buoy Installations on Eelgrass and Macroalgae. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, Washington.

BISSP. 2007. Beach Seining Project summary sheet. Bainbridge Island Shoreline Stewardship Program. http://www.bi-landtrust.org/pdfs/Beach%20Seine%20Flier%20-%20update%202007-07-03.pdf (accessed January 14, 2011).

Bilby, R. and P. Bisson. 1998. Function and distribution of large woody debris on beaches at Oregon river mouths. Wetland and Riparian Ecosystems of the American West: Eight Annual Meeting of the Society of Wetland Scientists. May 26-29th, 1987. Seattle, Washington. pp. 335-341.

Bilkovic, D.M. and M.M. Roggero. 2008. Effects of coastal development on nearshore estuarine nekton communities. Marine Ecology Progress Series 358: 27-39.

Blakely, R.J., R.E. Wells, C.S. Weaver, and S.Y. Johnson. 2002. Location, structure, and seismicity of the Seattle fault zone, Washington: Evidence from aeromagnetic anomalies, geologic mapping, and seismic-reflection data. GSA Bulletin 114(2):169-177.

Blanton, S.L., R.M. Thom, and J.A. Southard. 2001. Documentation of Ferry Terminal Shading, Substrate Composition, and Algal and Eelgrass Coverage. Seattle, Washington: Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory.

Booth, D.B. 2007. Deposition upon oral examination of Derek Booth, Ph.D., Volume I and Volume II. Puget Soundkeeper Alliance, et al. vs. State of Washington, et al. Cause No. 07-021, et al. taken December 6, 2007 (Volume I) and December 7, 2007 (Volume II). Seattle, Washington.

Booth, D.B., D. Hartley, R. Jackson, 2002. Forest cover, impervious surface area, and the mitigation of stormwater impacts. J. Amer. Water Res. Assoc. 38(3): 835-845.

Bostrom C, Jackson E, Simenstad C. 2006. Seagrass landscapes and their effects on associated fauna: a review. Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci. 68(3-4):383-403.

Brennan, J.S., and H. Culverwell. 2004. Marine Riparian: An Assessment of Riparian Functions in Marine Ecosystems. Published by Washington Sea Grant Program. Copyright 2005, University of Washington Board of Regents Seattle, Washington. 34 p.

Brennan, J.S., K.F. Higgins, J.R. Cordell, and V.A. Stamatiou. 2004. Juvenile Salmon Composition, Timing, Distribution, and Diet in Marine Nearshore Waters of Central Puget Sound in 2001-2002. King County Department of Natural Resources and Parks, Seattle, Washington. 164 p.

Brennan, J., H. Culverwell, R. Gregg, P. Granger. 2009. Protection of Marine Riparian Functions in Puget Sound, Washington. Washington Sea Grant. Seattle, Washington. Prepared for Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. June 15, 2009.

Brennan, L.A., M.A. Finger, J.B. Buchanan, C.T. Schick, and S.G. Herman. 1990. Stomach contents of Dunlins collected in western Washington. Northwestern Naturalist 71:99-102.

Brosnan, D.M., and L.L. Crumrine. 1994. Effects of human trampling on marine rocky shore communities. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 177:79-97.

Buchanan, J.B., D.H. Johnson, E.L Greda, G.A. Green, T.R. Wahl, and S.J. Jefferies. 2001.Wildlife of coastal and marine habitats In: Johnson, D.H. and T. A. O¡¯ Neil, Managing Directors. Wildlife©\habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington. Oregon State University Press, Corvalis, Oregon. pp. 389©\423.

Buchanan, Joseph. 2006. Nearshore Birds in Puget Sound. Prepared in Support of Puget Sound Partnership. Technical Report 2006-05.

Canning, D.J. 2005. Sea Level Rise and Coastal Hazards in Washington State. UW Climate Impacts Group and Washington State Department of Ecology. The Future Ain¡¯t What it Used to Be: Planning for Climate Disruption, 2005. Regional Climate Change Conference, Seattle, Washington.

Castelle, A. and A.W. Johnson. 2000. Riparian Vegetation Effectiveness. National Council for Air and Stream Improvement. Technical Bulletin #799.

Castelle, A.J., C. Conolly, M. Emers, E.d. Metz, S. Meyer, M. Witter, S. Mauerman, T. Erickson, S. Cooke. 1992. Wetland buffers: Use and Effectiveness. Publication # 92©\10. Washington State Department of Ecology. Olympia, WA.

Cederholm, C. J., D. H. Johnson, R. E. Bilby, L.G. Dominguez, A. M. Garrett, W. H. Graeber, E. L. Greda, M. D. Kunze, B.G. Marcot, J. F. Palmisano, R. W. Plotnikoff, W. G. Pearcy, C. A. Simenstad, and P. C. Trotter. 2000. Pacific Salmon and Wildlife ©\ Ecological Contexts, Relationships, and Implications for Management. Special Edition Technical Report, Prepared for D. H. Johnson and T. A. O¡¯Neil (Managing directors), Wildlife©\Habitat Relationships in Oregon and Washington. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.

Christensen, D. 2000. Protection of Riparian Ecosystems: A Review of Best Available Science. Jefferson County Environmental Health Division, Washington.

Couch, D. and Hassler, T.J. 1989. Species Profiles: Life Histories and Environmental Requirements of Coastal Fishes and Invertebrates (Pacific Northwest): Olympia Oyster. U.S. Fish Wildl. Serv. Biol. Rep. 82(11.124). U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, TR EL-82-4. 8 pp.

Cullen D.L., M.B. Yunker, C. Alleyne, N.J. Dangerfield, S. O¡¯Neill, M.J. Whiticar, and P.S. Ross. 2009. Persistent Organic Pollutants in Chinook Salmon (Onchorhynchus tshawytscha): Implications for Resident Killer Whales of British Columbia and Adjacent Waters. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 28, No. 1, pp. 148¨C161. 2009.

Cummins EB, Wilson, U, and McMinn, M. 1990. "Cooperative management of marine birds in Washington." Proceedings from the Forum on Puget Sound's Biological Resources - Status and Management. pp 142-154. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Seattle, Washington.

Curtiss, G.M., P.D. Osborne, and A.R. Horner-Devine. 2009. Seasonal patterns of coarse sediment transport on a mixed sand and gravel beach due to vessel wakes, wind waves, and tidal currents. Marine Geology 259(1-4):73-85.

Davis, A.P., M. Shokouhian, H. Sharma, and C. Minami. 2001. Laboratory study of biological retention for urban stormwater management. Water Environment Research 73(1): 5-14.

Dayton, P.K. 1985. Ecology of kelp communities. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 16:215-45.

Desbonnet, A., P. Pogue, V. Lee, and N. Wolff. 1994. Vegetated buffers in the coastal zone - A summary review and bibliography. University of Rhode Island Graduate School of Oceanography.

Desbonnet, A., V. Lee, P. Pogue, D. Reis, J. Boyd, J. Willis, and M. Imperial. 1995. Development of coastal vegetated buffer programs. Coastal Management Volume 23, pp. 91©\109.

Dethier, D.P., D.P. White, and C.M. Brookfield. 1996. Maps of the surficial geology and depth to bedrock of False Bay, Friday Harbor, Richardson, and Shaw Island 7.5-minute quadrangles, San Juan County, Washington. Washington Division of Geology and Earth Resources. Open File Report 96-7.

Dethier, M. 2006. Native Shellfish in Nearshore Ecosystems of Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Report No. 2006-04. Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington.

DNR. 2010. Residential Property Owner Mooring Buoy Registration Brochure. http://www.dnr.wa.gov/Publications/aqr_mooring_buoy_brochure.pdf (accessed November 21, 2010).

Dorn, P., and P.N.Best 2005. Integration of Joint City of Bainbridge Island/Suquamish Tribal Beach Seining Results into Shoreline Management and Salmon Recovery Efforts in Kitsap County, Washington. Proceedings of the 2005 Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. 2005.

Duggins, D.O. 1987. The effects of kelp forests on nearshore environments: biomass, detritus, and altered flow. Pages 191-201 in G. VanBlaricom & J. Estes, (eds.). The Community Ecology of Sea Otters. Springer Verlag, New York.

Duggins D.O., J.E. Eckman, C.E. Siddon, T. Klinger. 2003. Population, morphometric and biomechanical studies of three understory kelps along a hydrodynamic gradient. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 265:57-76.

Duggins, D.O., C.A. Simenstad and J.A. Estes. 1989. Magnification of secondary production by kelp detritus in coastal marine ecosystems. Science 245(4914):170-173.

Eastern Canada Soil and Water Conservation Centre. 2002. Buffer Strips and Water Quality: A Review of the Literature. Eastern Canada Soil and Water Conservation Centre. Saint-Andre, New Brunswick.

Ecology. 2000. Washington Department of Ecology Alternative Bank Protection Methods for Puget Sound Shorelines. Publication # 00-06-012.

Ecology. 2005. Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington. Olympia, Washington.

Ecology. 2010a. Washington State Department of Ecology, Coastal Zone Atlas. https://fortress.wa.gov/ecy/coastalatlas/viewer.htm (accessed October 28, 2010).

Ecology. 2010b. Shoreline Master Program Handbook. http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/sea/shorelines/smp/handbook/index.html (accessed November 22, 2010).

Eilers, H.P.I. 1975. Plants, plant communities, net production and tide levels: the ecological biogeography of the Nehalem salt marshes, Tillamook County, Oregon. Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, 368 pp.

Elliot Bay Trustee Council. 2009. Restoration Plan and Environmental Impact Statement for Wyckoff/Eagle Harbor Site, Bainbridge Island, Washington. Prepared for NOAA Fisheries. January 2009.

Elsner, M.M., L. Cuo, N. Voisin, J.S. Deems, A.F. Hamlet, J.A. Vano, K.E.B. Mickelson, S-Y. Lee, D.P. Lettenmaier. 2010. Implications of 21st century climate change for the hydrology of Washington State. Climate Change doi:10.1007/s10584-010-9855-0.

Engstrom, A. 2004. Characterizing Water Quality of Urban Stormwater Runoff: Interactions of Heavy Metals and Solids in Seattle Residential Catchments. M.S. Thesis, University of Washington, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Seattle, Washington, 117 pp.

Environmental Defense. 1999. Mitigation Banking as an Endangered Species Conservation Tool. http://www.edf.org/documents/146_mb.PDF.

EnviroVision, Herrera, and AHG. 2007. Protecting Nearshore Habitat and Functions in Puget Sound, an Interim Guide. Prepared by EnviroVision Corp., Herrera Environmental Consultants Inc., and Washington Departments of Fish and Wildlife, Ecology, Natural Resources, Transportation, Community Trade and Economic Development, the Recreation and Conservation Office, and the Puget Sound Partnership. Revised June, 2010.

Essington, T., T. Klinger, T. Conway-Cranos, J. Buchanan, A. James, J. Kershner, I. Logan, J. West . 2010. Chapter 2A: Biophysical Condition of Puget Sound in Puget Sound Science Update. www.pugetsoundscienceupdate.com accessed November 29, 2010. Puget Sound Partnership. Tacoma, Washington.

Ettema, C.H., R. Lowrance, and D.C. Coleman. 1999. Riparian soil response to surface nitrogen input: temporal changes in denitrification, labile, and microbial C and N pools, and bacterial and fungal respiration. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 31:1609©\1624.

FEMAT. 1993. Forest ecosystem management: An ecological, economic, and social assessment. Forest Ecosystem Management Assessment Team. U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, and Interior. Portland, Oregon.

Ferraro, S.P., and F.A. Cole. 2007. Benthic macrofauna-habitat associations in Willapa Bay, Washington, USA. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science 71(3-4): 491-507.

Finlayson, D. 2006. The Geomorphology of Puget Sound Beaches. PhD thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Fisher, W., and D. Velasquez. 2008. Management Recommendations for Washington¡¯s Priority Habitat and Species: Dungeness Crab. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Olympia, Washington. December, 2008.

Ford, R.G., D.H. Varoujean, D.R. Warrick, W.A. Williams, D.B. Lewis, C.L. Hewitt, and J.L. Casey. 1991. Seabird mortality resulting from the Nestucca oil spill incident winter 1988-89. Ecological Consulting, Inc., Portland, Oregon.

Fresh, K.L. 2006. Juvenile Pacific salmon in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Report No. 2006-06. Published by Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, WA.

Fresh, K., C. Simenstad, J. Brennan, M. Dethier, G. Gelfenbaum, F. Goetz, M. Logsdon, D. Myers, T. Mumford, J. Newton, H. Shipman, C. Tanner. 2004. Guidance for protection and restoration of the nearshore ecosystems of Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Report No. 2004-02. Published by Washington Sea Grant Program, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Fresh, K.L., D.J. Small, H. Kim, M. Mizell, C. Waldbillig, and M.I. Carr. 2003. Juvenile Salmon Utilization of Sinclair Inlet, an Urban Embayment. In Proceedings of the 2003 Georgia Basin/Puget Sound Research Conference. Puget Sound Action Team. Olympia, Washington.

Gabriel, A.O. and T.A. Terich. 2005. Cumulative patterns and Controls of Seawall Construction, Thurston County, Washington. Journal of Coastal Research 21(3): 430-440.

Galtsoff, P.S. 1930. The oyster industry of the Pacific coast of the United States. Appendix 8. Rep. U.S. Commission of Fisheries. 1929:367-400.

Goates, M.C. 2006. The Dogma of the 30 Meter Riparian Buffer: The Case of the Boreal Toad (Bufo boreas boreas). M.S. Thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah.

Gonor, J., J. Sedell, and P. Benner. 1988. What we know about large trees in estuaries, in the sea, and on coastal beaches. In From the forest to the sea: a story of fallen trees, edited by C. Maser, R. Tarrant, J. Trappe and J. Franklin. Portland, Oregon.: USDA, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. pp. 83-112.

Groot C and L Margolis. 1991. Pacific salmon life histories. University of British Columbia Press, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.

Haas, M.E., C.A. Simenstad, J.R. Cordell, D.A. Beauchamp, and B.S. Miller. 2002. Effects of Large Overwater Structures on Epibenthic Juvenile Salmon Prey Assemblages in Puget Sound, Washington.

Haberstock, A.E., H.G. Nichols, M.P. DesMeules, J. Wright, J.M. Christensen, and D.H. Hudnut, 2000. Method to identify effective riparian buffer widths for Atlantic salmon habitat protection. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 36(6): 1271-1286.

Hagerud, R. 2005. Preliminary Geologic Map of Bainbridge Island, Washington. USGS Open File Report 2005-1387.

Haring, D. 2000. Salmonid Habitat Limiting Factors: Water Resource Inventory Area 15 (East): Final Report. Washington State Conservation Commission.

Henny, C.J., L.J. Blus, R.A. Graves, and S.P. Thompson. 1991. Accumulation of trace elements and organochlorines by surf scoters wintering in the Pacific Northwest. Northwestern Naturalist 72:43-60.

Herrera. 2005. Marine shoreline sediment survey and assessment, Thurston County, Washington. Thurston Regional Planning Council, Olympia, Washington. Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc., Seattle, Washington.

Herrera. 2007a. Marinas and Shipping/Ferry Terminals White Paper. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc., Seattle, Washington.

Herrera. 2007b. Shoreline Modification White Paper. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc., Seattle, Washington.

Herrera. 2007c. Habitat Modifications White Paper. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc., Seattle, Washington.

Herrera. 2008a. Feasiblity Study for Restoration of Ala Spit: Ala Spit County Park. Prepared for: Island County Planning and Community Development Department. September, 2008.

Herrera. 2008b. Boat and Equipment Access Technical Memorandum. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc. 2008.

Herrera. 2009a. Non-Commercial Aquaculture Activities White Paper. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington. Prepared by Herrera Environmental Consultants, Inc. February, 2009.

Herrera. 2009b. Assessment and recommendations for habitat protection: Strawberry Point, Whidbey Island. Prepared for Island County Planning and Community Development Department. January 30, 2009.

Hertlein, L.G. 1959. Notes on California oysters. Veliger 2:5-10.

Holmberg, E.K., D. Day, N. Pasquale, and B Pattie. 1967. Research report on the Washington trawl fishery 1962-64. Technical report, Washington Department of Fisheries, Research Division, unpublished report.

Holz, T.W. 2007. Deposition upon oral examination of Thomas Holz. Puget Soundkeeper Alliance, et al. vs. State of Washington, et al. Cause No. 07-021, et al. taken December 13, 2007. Seattle, WA.

Horner, R.A. 1998. Harmful Algal Blooms in Puget Sound: General Perspective. Puget Sound Research: From Basic Science to Resource Management, Seattle, Washington, March 12 and 13, 1998, pp. 809-811.

Horner, R.R. 2006. Initial Investigation of the Feasibility and Benefits of Low-Impact Site Design Practices (¡°LID¡±) for Ventura County. Report. Submitted to California Regional Water Quality Control Board, Los Angeles Region, by Natural Resources Defense Council in letter commenting on draft municipal regional stormwater permit. December 2006. Los Angeles, California.

Horner, R.R. 2007a. Deposition upon oral examination of Richard Horner, Ph.D. Puget Soundkeeper Alliance, et al. vs. State of Washington, et al. Cause No. 07-021, et al. taken December 10, 2007. Seattle, WA.

Horner, R.R. 2007b. Initial Investigation of the Feasibility and Benefits of Low-Impact Site Design Practices (¡°LID¡±) for the San Francisco Bay Area. Report. Submitted to California Regional Water Quality Control Board, San Francisco Bay Region, by Natural Resources Defense Council in letter commenting on draft municipal regional stormwater permit. July 12, 2007. Oakland, CA.

Horner, R.R, J.J. Skupien, E.H. Livingston, and H.E. Shaver. 1994. Fundamentals of Urban Runoff Management: Technical and Institutional Issues. Terrene Institute, Washington, DC (in cooperation with USEPA). August 1994.

Hyatt, T. and R. Naiman. 2001. The residence time of large woody debris in the Queets River, Washington, USA. Ecological Applications 11(1): 191¨C202.

Jefferson County. 2008a. Mooring Buoy Compliance. August 18, 2008. http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/commdevelopment/MooringBuoyCompliance.htm (accessed November 21, 2010).

Jefferson County. 2008b. The Final Shoreline Inventory and Characterization Report ¨C Revised November 2008. http://www.co.jefferson.wa.us/commdevelopment/ShorelineInventory.htm#November2008FinalICR (accessed November 22, 2010).

Jenkins, C., M.E. Haas, A. Olsen, and J. Ruesink. 2002. Impacts of trampling on a rocky shoreline of San Juan Island, Washington, USA. Natural Areas Journal 22:260-269.

Johannessen, J. and A. MacLennan. 2007. Beaches and Bluffs of Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Report No. 2007©\04. Published by Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington.

Karr, J. R. and I. J. Schlosser. 1977. Impact of Nearstream Vegetation and Stream Morphology on Water Quality and Stream Biota. Athens, GA: U.S. EPA Ecological Research Series (EPA-600/3-77/097).

Kelsey, H.M., B.L. Sherrod, A.R. Nelson, and T.M. Brocher. 2008. Earthquakes generated from bedding plane-parallel reverse faults above an active wedge thrust, Seattle fault zone. GSA Bulletin 20(11/12):1581¨C1597.

Kittle, L.J., R. Burge, R. Butler, W. Cook, K. Fresh, M. Kyte, R. Lowell, R. Pease, D. Pentilla, A. Scholz, S. Speich, R. Steelquist, and J. Walton. 1987. The Washington State Department of Ecology marine resource damage assessment report for the Arco Anchorage oil spill, December 21, 1985, into Port Angeles Harbor and the Strait of Juan de Fuca. Report 87-4, Washington Department of Ecology, Olympia, Washington.

Klapproth, J.C., and J.E. Johnson. 2000. Understanding the Science Behind Riparian Forest Buffers: Effects on Water Quality. Publication Number 420©\151, Virginia Tech University. http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/forestry/420©\151/420©\151.html.

Kleinschmidt. 1999. Method to Determine Optimal Riparian Buffer Widths for Atlantic Salmon Habitat Protection. Kleinschmindt Associates. Pittsfield, Maine. Prepared for Maine State Planning Office, Augusta, Maine. January, 1999.

Knutson, K.L., and V.L. Naef. 1997. Management Recommendations for Washington's Priority Habitats. Riparian. Olympia, Washington: Washington State Department of Fish and Wildlife.

Komar, P.D. 1998. Beach Processes and Sedimentation. Princeton, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.

Krahn, M. M., M. J. Ford, W. F. Perrin, P. R. Wade, R. P. Angliss, M. B. Hanson, B. L. Taylor, G. M. Ylitalo, M. E. Dahlheim, J. E. Stein, and R. S. Waples. 2004. 2004 status review of southern resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) under the Endangered Species Act. NOAA Technical Memorandum NMFS-NWFSC-62, U.S. Department of Commerce, Seattle, Washington.

Kraus, N.C. and W.G. McDougal. 1996. The effects of seawalls on the beach: Part I, an updated literature review. Journal of Coastal Research 12(3):691-701.

Lacroix, D.L., K.G. Wright, and D. Kent. 2004. Observations of above-surface littoral foraging in two sea ducks, Barrow¡¯s Goldeneye, Bucephala islandica, and Surf Scoter, Melanitta perspicillata, in coastal southwestern British Columbia. Canadian Field-Naturalist 118:264-265.

Lemieux, J.P., J.S. Brennan, M. Farrell, C.D. Levings, and D. Myers. 2004. Proceedings of the DFO/PSAT sponsored marine riparian experts workshop. Tsawwassen, British Columbia: Canadian Manuscript Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences.

Levings, C. and G. Jamieson. 2001. Marine and Estuarine Riparian Habitats and Their Role in Coastal Ecosystems, Pacific Region. Fisheries & Oceans Canada, Science Branch, West Vancouver, BC. Research document 2001/109.

Levings, C.D. 1998. Functional assessment of created, restored, and replaced fish habitat in the Fraser River Estuary, In Strickland, R. A. E. Copping, and N.J. Lerner. 1998. Puget Sound Research ¡¯98: March 12-13, 1998. Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team, Olympia, WA.

Lindberg, D.R., J.A. Estes, and K.I. Warheit. 1998. Human influences on trophic cascades along rocky shores. Ecological Applications 8:880-890.

Love, M.S., M. Carr, and L. Haldorson. 1991. The ecology of substrate©\associated juveniles of the genus Sebastes. Environmental Biology of Fishes 79: 533©\545.

Love, M.S., M. M. Yoklavich, and L. Thorsteinson. 2002. The rockfishes of the Northeast Pacific. University of California Press, Berkeley, California.

Lusseau, D., D. E. Bain, R. Williams, J. C. Smith. 2009. Vessel traffic disrupts the foraging behavior of southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca. Endangered Species Research. Vol.6 211-221, 2009. Published online January 2, 2009.

MacLennan, A., J. Johannessen, and S. Williams. 2010. Bainbridge Island Current and Historic Coastal Geomorphic/Feeder Bluff Mapping. Prepared for: City of Bainbridge Island Planning and Community Development. April 22, 2010.

Mantua, N., I. Tohver and A. Hamlet. 2010. Climate change impacts on streamflow extremes and summertime stream temperature and their possible consequences for freshwater salmon habitat in Washington State. Climatic Change 102:187¨C223.

Mar, B.W., R.R. Horner, J.F. Ferguson, D.E. Spyridakis, E.B. Welch, 1982. Summary ¨C Highway Runoff Water Quality Study, 1977 ¨C 1982. WA RD 39.16. September, 1982.

Mattheus, C.R., A. B. Rodriguez, B.A. McKee, and C.A. Currin. 2010. Impact of land-use change and hard structures on the evolution of fringing marsh shorelines. Estuarine, Coastal, and Shelf Science 88(3):365-376.

May, C.W. 2003. Stream-Riparian Ecosystems in the Puget Sound Lowland Eco-Region: A Review of Best Available Science. Watershed Ecology LLC.

McClure, R and L. Stiffler. 2010. Marine life is disappearing from Puget Sound and fast. Seattle Post Intelligencer.. http://www.seattlepi.com/specials/brokenpromises/287994_marinedesert09.asp (accessed November 28, 2010).

McDougal, W.G., N.C. Kraus, and H. Ajiwibowo. 1996. The effects of seawalls on the beach: Part II, Numerical modeling of SUPERTANK seawall tests. Journal of Coastal Research 12(3):702-713.

Meador, J.P., J.E. Stein, W.L. Reichert, and U. Varansi. 1995. Bioaccumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by marine organisms. Reviews of Environmental Contamination Toxicology 143: 79-165.

Mojfeld, H.O. 1992. Subtidal sea level fluctuations in a large fjord system. Journal of Geophysical Research 97(C12):20,191-20,199.

Mote, P., A. Petersen, S. Reeder, H. Shipman, and L.W. Binder. 2008. Sea Level Rise in the Coastal Waters of Washington State. UW Climate Impacts Group and Washington State Department of Ecology. January 2008.

Mulvihill, E.L., C.A. Francisco, J.B. Glad, K.B. Kaster, and R.E. Wilson. 1980. Biological Impacts of Minor Shoreline Structures on the Coastal Environment: State of the Art Review. FWS/OBS- 77/51, 2 vol. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Biological Services Program.

Mumford, T.F. 2007. Kelp and Eelgrass in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Report No. 2007-05. Published by Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington. 2007.

Murphy, M.L., S.W. Johnson, and D.J. Csepp. 2000. A Comparison of Fish Assemblages in Eelgrass and Adjacent Subtidal Habitats in Craig, Alaska. Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin. Vol. 7, Summer 2000.

Myers, R.D. 1993. Slope stabilization and erosion control using vegetation: A manual of practice for coastal property owners. Olympia, Washington: Shorelands and Coastal Zone Management program, Washington Department of Ecology.

National Audubon Society. 2010a. 111^th Annual Christmas Bird Count. http://cbc.audubon.org/cbccurrent/current_table.html (accessed January 14, 2011).

National Audubon Society. 2010b. The Great Backyard Bird Count 2010 Results: Bainbridge Island, Washigton. http://gbbc.birdsource.org/gbbcApps/report?cmd=showReport&reportName=CitySummary&city=BAINBRIDGE ISLAND&state=US-WA&year=2010 (accessed January 14, 2011).

Nelson T.A. and Waaland J.R. 1997. Seasonality of eelgrass, epiphyte, and grazer biomass and productivity in subtidal eelgrass meadows subjected to moderate tidal amplitude. Aquatic Botany 56(1): 51-74.

Nelson, A.R., S.Y. Johnson, H.M. Kelsey, R.E. Wells, B.L. Sherrod, S.K. Pezzopane, L. Bradley, R.D. Koehler, R.C. Bucknam. 2003a. Late Holocene earthquakes on the Toe Jam Hill fault, Seattle fault zone, Bainbridge Island, Washington. GSA Bulletin 115(11):1388-1403.

Nelson, T.A., A.V. Nelson, and M. Tjoelker. 2003b. Seasonal and spatial patterns of "green tides" (Ulvoid algal blooms) and related water quality parameters in the coastal waters of Washington state, USA. Botanica Marina 46(3): 263-275.

NMFS. 1991. Final Recovery Plan for the Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae). National Marine Fisheries Service, Humpback Whale Recovery Team. November 1991.

NMFS. 2005. Pacific Stock Assessment Report: Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae): Eastern North Pacific Stock. November 1, 2005 Revision.

NMFS. 2008a. National Marine Fisheries Service. 2008. Recovery Plan for Southern Resident Killer Whales (Orcinus orca). National Marine Fisheries Service, Northwest Region, Seattle, Washington.

NMFS. 2008b. Recovery Plan for the Steller Sea Lion (Eumetopias jubatus). Revision. National Marine Fisheries Service, Silver Spring, MD.

NMFS. 2008c. Preliminary Scientific Conclusion of the Review of the Status of Five Species of Rockfish: Bocaccio (Sebastes pauciscipinis), Canary Rockfish (Sebastes pinniger), Yelloweye Rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), Greenstriped Rockfish (Sebastes elongates), and Redstripe Rockfish (Sebastes proriger) in Puget Sound, Washington. Northwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service. Seattle, Washington. December 2, 2008. Revised December 1, 2009.

NMFS. 2009. Biological Opinion for the Manette Bridge Replacement Project. NOAA Tracking Number 2008/00282. National Marine Fisheries Service. Prepared for the Federal Highways Administration. August 3, 2009.

NMFS. 2010b. Bocaccio (Sebastes paucispinis) Fact Sheet. National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/bocaccio.htm (accessed November 18, 2010).

NMFS. 2010c. Canary Rockfish (Sebastes pinniger) Fact Sheet. National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/canaryrockfish.htm (accessed November 18, 2010).

NMFS. 2010d. Yelloweye Rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus) Fact Sheet. National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/fish/yelloweyerockfish.htm (accessed November 18, 2010).

NMFS. 2010a. Pandalid Shrimp Species, Pandalidae. National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. http://www.afsc.noaa.gov/kodiak/photo/misshrimp.htm (accessed November 17, 2010).

NMFS. 2010e. Steller Sea Lion Fact Sheet. National Marine Fisheries Service, Office of Protected Resources. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/pinnipeds/stellersealion.htm (accessed November 18, 2010).

NMFS. 2010f. Gray Whale (Eschrichtius robustus). National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/graywhale.htm (accessed November 17, 2010).

NMFS. 2010g. Humpback Whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. http://www.nmfs.noaa.gov/pr/species/mammals/cetaceans/humpbackwhale.htm (accessed November 21, 2010).

NOAA. 2010. Seattle Tides & Currents webpage. http://tidesandcurrents.noaa.gov/geo.shtml?location=9447130.

NRC. 1995. Beach Nourishment and Protection. Washington, DC: Committee for Beach Nourishment and Protection, National Research Council.

NRC. 2002. Riparian Areas: Functions and Strategies for Management. National Research Council. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C.

Nysewander, D., J. Evenson, and D. Kraege. 2004. Determination of breeding area, migration routes, and local movements associated with Surf and White-winged Scoter wintering in the inner marine waters of Washington State. Unpublished progress report, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.

Nysewander, D., J. Evenson, and D. Kraege. 2005. Determination of breeding area, migration routes, and local movements associated with Surf and White-winged Scoter wintering in the inner marine waters of Washington State. Unpublished annual project summary, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.

Nysewander, D.R. 1977. Reproductive success of the Black Oystercatcher in Washington State. Master¡¯s thesis, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.

Nysewander, D.R., J.R. Evenson, B.L. Murphie, and T.A. Cyra. 2005. Report of marine bird and mammal component, Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program, for July 1992 to December 1999 period. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Olympia, Washington.

Orca Network. 2009. Gray Whales Eschrichtius robustus. http://www.orcanetwork.org/sightings/jun09.html (accessed November 30, 2010).

Orca Network. 2010. Gray Whales Eschrichtius robustus. http://www.orcanetwork.org/nathist/graywhales.html (accessed November 27, 2010).

Osborne, R., J. Calambokidis & E.M. Dorsey, 1988, A guide to marine mammals of Greater Puget Sound. Island Publishers, Anacortes, Wash. 191pp.

PADI. 2005. Mooring Buoy Planning Guide. Rancho Santa Margarita, CA: International Professional Association of Diving Instructors, Incorporated.

Palsson, W, T. Tsou, G. Bargmann, R. Buckley, J. West, M. Mills, Y. Cheng, and R. Pacunski. 2009. The biology and Assessment of Rockfishes in Puget Sound. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. Draft Report FPT-09-04

Parkyn, S. 2004. Review of Riparian Buffer Zone Effectiveness. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, MAF Technical Paper No: 2004/05. Wellington, New Zealand.

Pentec Environmental. 2001. Use of Best Available Science in City of Everett Buffer Regulations. Report to the City of Everett Planning and Community Development Department. Edmonds, WA. March 15, 2001.

Penttila, D.E. 1999. Documented spawning areas of the Pacific herring (Clupea), surf smelt (Hypomesus), and Pacific sand lance (Ammodytes) in San Juan County, Washington. Washington Dept. of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Resources Division. Manuscript Report. LaConner, WA. 27p.

Penttila, D.E. 2001. Effects of Shading Upland Vegetation on Egg Survival for Summer-Spawning Surf Smelt on Upper Intertidal Beaches in Puget Sound. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Marine Resources Division.

Penttila, D. 2004. Forage Fish Spawning Habitats. p. 32 in Lemieux, J.P., Brennan, J.S., Farrell, M., Levings, C.D., and Myers, D. (Editors). 2004. Proceedings of the DFO/PSAT sponsored Marine Riparian Experts Workshop, Tsawwassen, BC, February 17-18, 2004. Can. Manuscr. Rep. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 2680: ix + 84 pp.

Penttila, D. 2007. Marine Forage Fishes in Puget Sound. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Report No. 2007-03. Published by Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle, Washington.

Peter-Contesse. T. Undated. Reestablishing Olympia Oyster Populations in Puget Sound, Washington. http://www.restorationfund.org/docs/OlyOyster%20RestorationV1.pdf (accessed January 14, 2011).

Peterson, H.W.U., and L. Amiotte. 2006. Decline of Skokomish nation spot shrimp catch in low dissolved oxygen waters of the hood Hood Canal, Puget Sound, State of Washington. Ethnicity & Disease 16(4): 17-17.

PFMC. 2004. Groundfish Bycatch Programmatic DEIS: Appendix B. Biological Environment: Distribution, Life History, and Status of Relevant Species. Pacific Fisheries Management Council. July, 2004.

Phillips, R.C. 1984. Ecology of Eelgrass Meadows in the Pacific Northwest: A Community Profile. FWS/OBS-84/24. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service.

Poston, T. 2001. Treated Wood Issues Associated with Overwater Structures in Marine and Freshwater Environments. White Paper. Olympia, Washington: Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Ecology, and Washington State Department of Transportation.

Puget Sound Action Team. 2005. Regional Nearshore and Marine Aspects of Salmon Recovery in Puget Sound. Shared Strategy for Puget Sound. June 28, 2005.

Puget Sound Action Team. 2007. 2007 Puget sound Update: Ninth Report of the Puget Sound Assessment and Monitoring Program. Puget Sound Action Team, Office of the Governor. Olympia, Washington.

Puget Sound Action Team/Washington State University, 2005. Low Impact Development Technical Guidance Manual for Puget Sound. Olympia, Washington.

Puget Sound Partnership. 2010. 2009 State of the Sound Report. Olympia, Washington.

Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team. 2000. Puget Sound update. Seventh Report of the Puget Sound Ambient Monitoring Program. Olympia, Washington. 127 pp.

Redman, S. Meyers, D., Averill, D. 2005. Regional Nearshore and Marine Aspects of Salmon Recovery in Puget Sound. Shared Strategy for Puget Sound. June 28, 2005.

REEF. 2010. Distribution Report for Bocaccio (Sebastes pauciscipinis), Canary Rockfish (Sebastes pinniger), Yelloweye Rockfish (Sebastes ruberrimus), Pinto abalone. Data range 01/01/1996 to October 31, 2010. The Reef Environmental Education Foundation. http://www.reef.org/db/reports/dist/PAC (accessed November 7, 2010).

Rice, C.A. 2006. Effects of shoreline modification on a northern Puget Sound beach: microclimate and embryo mortality in surf smelt. Estuaries and Coasts 29(1):63-71.

Rich, J.J. and D.D. Myrold. 2004. Community composition and activities of denitrifying bacteria from adjacent agricultural soil, riparian soil, and creek sediment in

Riemer, S. 2010. Vashon-Maury Island Beach Comber article: Gray whale and transient orca visit Vashon¡¯s waters. Accessed from website on November 30, 2010: http://www.pnwlocalnews.com/vashon/vib/news/90018107.html.

Romanuk, T.N. and C.D. Levings. 2003. Associations between arthropods and the supralittoral ecotone: Dependence of aquatic and terrestrial taxa on riparian vegetation. Environmental Entomology 32(6):1343-1353.

Romanuk, T.N. and C.D. Levings. 2006. Relationships between fish and supralittoral vegetation in nearshore marine habitats. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 16: 115¨C132.

Romanuk T.N. and Levings C.D. 2010. Reciprocal Subsidies and Food Web Pathways Leading to Chum Salmon Fry in a Temperate Marine-Terrestrial Ecotone. PLoS ONE 5(4): e10073. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010073

Roni, P., T.J. Beechie, R.E. Bilby, F.E. Leonetti, M.M. Pollock, and G.R. Pess, 2002. A review of stream restoration techniques and a hierarchical strategy for prioritizing restoration in the

Rugh, D. J., M. M. Muto, S. E. Moore, and D. P. DeMaster. 1999. Status Review of the Eastern North Pacific Stock of Gray Whales. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, Alaska Fisheries Science Center. Memorandum NMFS-AFSC-103. August 1999.

Savard, J.P.L., D. Bordage, and A. Reed. 1998. Surf Scoter (Melanitta perspicillata). The Birds of North America 363:1- 28.

Schiel, D.R., and D.I. Taylor. 1999. Effects of trampling on a rocky intertidal assemblage in southern New Zealand. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 235:213-235.

Schoonover, J.E., and K.W.J. Williard. 2003. Groundwater nitrate reduction in giant cane and forest riparian zones. Journal of the American Water Resources Association 39(2):347©\354.

Sedell, J.R., P.A. Bisson, F.J. Swanson and S.V. Gregory. 1988. What we know about large trees that fall into streams and rivers. In: C. Maser, R.F. Tarrant, J.M. Trappe and J.F. Franklin, Editors, 144 From the Forest to the Sea: A Story of Fallen TreesGen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-229 (1988), p.153.

Shandas, V. 2007. An empirical study of streamside landowners' interest in riparian conservation. Journal of the American Planning Association 73(2):173-184.

Shandas, V. and M. Alberti. 2009. Exploring the role of vegetation fragmentation on aquatic conditions: Linking upland with riparian areas in Puget Sound lowland streams. Landscape and Urban Planning 90:66-75.

Shipman, H. 2008. A Geomorphic Classification of Puget Sound Nearshore Landforms. Puget Sound Nearshore Partnership Report No. 2008-01. Published by the US Army Corps of Engineers.

Simenstad, C.A. and J.R. Cordell. 2000. Ecological assessment criteria for restoring anadromous salmonid habitat in Pacific Northwest estuaries. Ecol. Engineering 15:283-302.

SJCMRC. 2010. Protecting Our Place for Nature and People. Final Report of the San Juan Initiative. www.sanjuaninitiative.org (accessed November 20, 2010).

Sobocinski, K.L. 2003. The Impact of Shoreline Armoring on Supratidal Beach Fauna of Central Puget Sound. M.S. thesis. University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 83 pp.

Sobocinski, K.L., J.R. Cordell, and C.A. Simenstad. 2010. Effects of shoreline modifications on supratidal macroinvertebrate fauna on Puget Sound, Washington beaches. Estuaries and Coasts 33(3): 699-711.

Spaulding, V.L. and N.L. Jackson 2001. Field investigation of the influence of bulkheads on meiofaunal abundance in the foreshore of an estuarine sand beach. Journal of Coastal Research 17(2):363-370.

Spence BC, GA Lomnicky, RM Hughes, and RP Novitzki. 1996. An ecosystem approach to salmonid conservation. TR-4501-96-6057. ManTech (Management Technology) Environmental Research Services Corp., Corvallis, Oregon.

Spiegel, C.S., S.M. Haig, M.I. Goldstein, and B.A. Brown. 2006. Use of video cameras to document nest failure, nesting disturbance, and incubation behavior of Black Oystercatchers (Haematopus bachmani) in Alaska. Abstract of presentation given at Shorebird Science in the Western Hemisphere, 27 February-2 March 2006, Boulder, Colorado.

SSPS. 2007. Puget Sound Salmon Recovery Plan. Shared Strategy for Puget Sound, Shared Strategy Development Committee. Plan adopted by the National Marine Fisheries Service January 19, 2007.

Steele, E.N. 1957. The rise and decline of the Olympia oyster. Fulco Publication, Elma, Washington. 125 p.

Steneck RS, Graham MH, Bourque BJ, Corbett D, Erlandson JM, Estes JA, Tegner MJ. 2002. Kelp forest ecosystems: biodiversity, stability, resilience and future. Environmental Conservation 29(4):436-459.

Stout HA, BB McCain, RD Vetter, TL Builder, WH Lenarz, LL Johnson, and RD Methot. 2001. Status review of copper rockfish (Sebastes caurinus), quillback rockfish (S. maliger), and brown rockfish (S. auriculatus) in Puget Sound, Washington. NOAA Technical Memorandum. NMFW-NWFSC-45. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Stratus. 2005a. Creosote-Treated Wood in Aquatic Environments: Technical Review and Use Recommendations. Prepared for NOAA Fisheries Habitat Conservation Division Southwest Habitat Conservation Division by Stratus Consulting Santa Rosa, California.

Stratus. 2005b. Treated Wood in Aquatic Environments: Technical Review and Use Recommendations. Prepared for NOAA Fisheries Habitat Conservation Division Southwest Habitat Conservation Division by Stratus Consulting, Santa Rosa, California.

Tenyo Maru Trustees. 1993. Tenyo Maru oil spill habitat impacts, resource injuries, damage claims and restoration summaries. Lacey, Washington.

Terich TA. 1987. Living with the shore of Puget Sound and the Georgia Strait. Duke University Press, Durham, North Carolina.

Thom, R.M., and D.K. Shreffler. 1996. Eelgrass Meadows near Ferry Terminals in Puget Sound. Characterization of Assemblages and Mitigation Impacts. Sequim, Washington: Battelle Pacific Northwest Laboratories.

Thom, R.M.,D.K. Shreffler, and K. Macdonald. 1994. Shoreline Armoring Effects on Coastal Ecology and Biological Resources in Puget Sound, Washington. Coastal Erosion Management Studies, Volume 7. Washington Department of Ecology, Shorelands and Environmental Assistance Program, Olympia, Washington.

Toft, J.D., J.R. Cordell, C.A. Simenstad, and L.A. Stamatiou. 2007. Fish distribution, abundance, and behavior along city shoreline types in Puget Sound. North American Journal of Fisheries Management 27(2): 465-480.

US Army Corps of Engineers. 2005. Regional General Permit 6: Maintenance, Modification, and Construction of Residential Overwater Structures in Inland Marine Waters within the State of Washington. United States Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District. Seattle, WA.

USFWS 2003. Guidance of the Establishment, Use, and Operation of conservation Banks¡± Memorandum from the Director to Regional Director, regions 1-7. U.S. Department of the Interior, Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington, D.C.

USFWS 2006. Conservation Banking, Incentives for Stewardship. http://www.fws.gov/endangered/factsheets/banking_7_05.pdf

Verdonck, D. 2006. Contemporary vertical crustal deformation in Cascadia. Tectonophysics 417:221¨C230.

Vermeer, K. 1981. Food and populations of Surf Scoters in British Columbia. Wildfowl 32:107-116.

Vermeer, K., K.H. Morgan, and G.E.J. Smith. 1992. Black Oystercatcher habitat selection, reproductive success, and their relationship with Glaucous-winged Gulls. Colonial Waterbirds 15:14-23.

Warheit, K.I., D.R. Lindberg, and R.J. Boekelheide. 1984. Pinniped disturbance lowers reproductive success of Black Oystercatcher Haematopus bachmani (Aves). Marine Ecology Progress Series 17:101-104.

Warnock, N.D. and R.E. Gill. 1996. Dunlin (Calidris alpina). The Birds of North America 203:1-24.

Washington Department of Fisheries. 1992. Salmon, marine fish, and shellfish resources and associated fisheries in Washington¡¯s coastal and inland marine waters. Washington Department of Fisheries Technical Report. 79. 70 p.

Washington State Parks and Recreation. 2010. Steller sea lion sighting at Fort Ward State Park. http://www.stateparks.com/fort_ward.html (accessed November 26, 2010).

WDFW. 2008. Priority habitat and species list summary sheet for Crustaceans (Crustacea). August 2008. http://www.wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/phs/list/2008/2008-sept_crustaceans.pdf (accessed November 20, 2010).

WDFW. 2010a. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Priority Habitats and Species Map and List. http://wdfw.wa.gov/conservation/phs/list/. November 20, 2010.

WDFW. 2010b. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife Fishing and Shellfishing Oyster facts. http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/shellfish/oysters/facts.html (accessed November 20, 2010).

WDFW. 2010c. Rock Fish fact sheet. http://wdfw.wa.gov/fishing/rockfish/yelloweye.html (accessed November 15, 2010).

WDFW. 2011. Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Salmonscape digital maps of fish distribution. http://wdfw.wa.gov/mapping/salmonscape/index.html (accessed on January 18, 2011).

Weis, J.S., and P. Weis. 1994. Effects of contaminants from chromated copper arsenate-treated lumber on benthos. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 26: 103-109.

Weis, J.S., and P. Weis. 1996. Effects of using wood treated with chromated copper arsenate in shallow-water environments: a review. Estuaries 19(2A): 306-310.

Weis, P., J.S. Weis, and J. Couch. 1993. Histopathology and bioaccumulation in Crassostrea virginica living on wood preserved with chromated copper arsenate. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 17: 41-46.

Wells, R.E., C.S. Weaver, and R.J. Blakely. 1998. Fore arc migration in Cascadia and its neotectonic significance. Geology 26:759-762.

Wenger, S. 1999. A Review of the Scientific Literature on Riparian Buffer Width, Extent and Vegetation. Office of Public Service and Outreach, Institute of Ecology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia. 1999.

West Sound Wildlife Shelter. 2010. West Sound Wildlife Shelter bald eagle rescue information. http://www.westsoundwildlife.org/wildlife/PatientStories/WS_Eaglets.html (accessed November 28, 2010).

West, J. E. 1997. Protection and restoration of marine life in the inland waters of Washington State. Puget Sound/Georgia Basin Environmental Report Series: Number 6. Puget Sound Water Quality Action Team. Olympia, Washington. May, 1997.

Williams, G. and R. Thom. 2001. Marine and Estuarine Shoreline Modification Issues. Prepared for Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, Washington Department of Ecology, and Washington Department of Transportation, by Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Sequim, Washington.

Williams, G.D. and 16 others. 2001. Reconniassance assessment of the State of the Nearshore Ecosystem: Eastern shore of central Puget Sound, including Vashion and Maury Islands (WRIAs 8 and 9). Prepared for King County Department of Natural Resources by Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, Pentec Environmental, Striplin Environmental Associates, Shapiro Associates, and King County Department of Natural Resources, Seattle, Washington. 353 pp.

Williams, G.D., and R.M. Thom. 2001. Marine and Estuarine Shoreline Modification Issues White Paper. Olympia, Washington.

Williams, G.D., R.M. Thom and N.R. Evans. 2004. Bainbridge Island Nearshore Habitat Characterization & Assessment, Management Strategy Prioritization, and Monitoring Recommendations. Battelle Marine Sciences Laboratory, Sequim, Washington. Prepared for: City of Bainbridge Island. November 2004.

Williams, R., and E. Ashe. 2007. Killer whale evasive tactics vary with boat number. Journal of Zoology 272 (2007) 390¨C397. 2007.

Williams, R., D. E. Bain, J. K. B. Ford, and A. W. Trites. 2002. Behavioural responses of male killer whales to a ¡®leapfrogging¡¯ vessel. Journal Cetacean Resource Management 4(3):305¨C310. 2002.

Williams, R., D E. Bain, J. C. Smith, D. Lusseau. 2009. Effects of vessels on behavior patterns of individual southern resident killer whales Orcinus orca. Endangered Species Research. Vol.6 199-209, 2009. Published online January 2, 2009.

Williams, R. and P. O'Hara. 2009. Modelling ship strike risk to fin, humpback and killer whales in British Columbia, Canada. J. Cetacean Res. Manage. December 14, 2009. http://www.georgiastrait.org/files/share/2009_ship_strike_risk_to_whales.pdf (accessed January 18, 2010).

Wydoski, R.S., and R.R. Whitney. 2003. Inland Fishes of Washington, Second Edition. American Fisheries Society and University of Washington Press.

Wyllie-Echeverria, T. and M. Sato. 2005. Rockfish in San Juan County-Recommendations for Management and Research. Proceedings of the 2005 Puget Sound Georgia Basin Research Conference. 2005.

Zawlocki, K.R., Ferguson, J.F., and Mar, B.W., 1981. A survey of trace organics in highway runoff in Seattle, Washington. M.S.E. Thesis. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.